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Grammar :Transformation
Grammar :Transformation
लेखकको बारेमा :
Name: Dev Prasad Pandit
Address:Khairahani-4, Chainpur, Chitwan
School: Jana Jiwan Secondary School,Khairahani-2, Chitwan
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Transformation
Transformation means change. One kind of sentence or statement can be transformed into another form. Under this grammatical item, changing into negative/ affirmative (positive)/ yes/no question / wh-question (interrogative) etc. will be asked.
Rules of changing positive or affirmative sentence into negative
- If there is an auxiliary verb in the sentence, we can change into negative by adding not after the auxiliary verb.
Positive: He is a doctor.
Negative: He isn’t a doctor.
Positive: I can speak English.
Negative: I cannot speak English.
(We can use both full or contracted forms in negative.)
List of auxiliary verbs
Principal auxiliaries
Be - is/ am/ are/ was/ were
Do- do/ does/ did
Have- have/ has/ had
Model auxiliaries
Will/ would/ can/ could/ shall/ should/ may/ might/must/ dare/ need/ ought to/ used to
- If there is not auxiliary verb, we have to take the help of do verb.
V1= do
V2= did
V5= does
Positive: They work well.
Negative: They don’t work well.
Positive: Mohan ate rice.
Negative: Mohan didn’t eat rice.
Positive: Sunita plays skipping.
Negative: Sunita doesn’t play skipping.
- If 'Have' verb is used as main verb or there is 'to' immediately after have verb, we should take the help of do verb.
have (to)= do
had (to)= did
has (to)= does
Positive: He had to do that work.
Negative: He didn’t have to do that work.
Positive: Sunita has her breakfast.
Negative: Sunita doesn’t have her breakfast.
Positive: I have to go now.
Negative: I don’t have to go now.
- We make negative by adding 'Don’t' before imperative sentences.
Positive: Open the door.
Negative: Don’t open the door.
Positive: Have a cup of tea.
Negative: Don’t have a cup of tea.
Positive: Let her do it herself.
Negative: Don’t let her do it herself.
Positive: Stop.
Negative: Don’t stop.
- If the sentence begins with 'Let's' we can change it by adding not after 'Let's'.
Positive: Let's play football.
Negative: Let's not play football.
Positive: Let's listen to the music.
Negative: Let's not listen to the music.
- If the sentence contains 'd better/rather we can change it by adding not after 'd better/rather.
Positive: She'd rather go jogging.
Negative: She'd rather not go jogging.
Positive: You'd better take rest.
Negative: You'd better not take rest.
- We can make negative by changing the words directly.
Positive Negative
Some/every no
Always never
Usually/ often/ sometimes never
Either…or neither….nor
Someone/everyone no one
Somebody/everybody nobody
Some of/ all of/ most of none of
Easily hardly
Frequently rarely/ scarcely
Only +sub… None/ Nothing but +sub…
Already not……….yet.
Some (not) any
Too (not) either
Positive: He bought some apples.
Negative:He bought no apples/ He did not buy any apples.
Positive: I have already met him.
Negative: I have not met him yet.
Positive: She is fine, too.
Negative: She is not fine, either.
Positive: Only he can sing it.
Negative: None but he can sing it.
Positive: Hema always goes to market.
Negative: Hema never goes to market.
- The negative of must can be need not/ must not.
They must work hard.
They need not work hard. (no necessity)
They must not work hard. (Prohibition)
Transforming into Interrogative
Rules of changing statement into yes/no question and wh-question
Structure of yes /no question
Aux. verb+ Sub.+ Main Verb+ Obj?
Structure of wh-question
Wh+ aux. verb + Sub.+ Verb+ Obj?
Who/ What+ verb+ Obj?
- If there is an auxiliary verb in the sentence, we can change into yes/no question by writing it at the beginning of the sentence. To make wh-question, we should write the auxiliary verb after wh-word.
Statement: Hari is a doctor.
Yes/no question: Is Hari a doctor?
Wh-question: Who is a doctor?
Statement: Kathmandu is the biggest city of Nepal.
Yes/no question: Is Kathmandu the biggest city of Nepal?
Wh-question: Which is the biggest city of Nepal?
- If there is not auxiliary verb, we have to take the help of do verb.
V1= do
V2= did
V5= does
Statement: They work well.
Yes/no question: Do they work well?
What question:What do they do well?
How question:How do they work?
Statement:Mohan ate rice.
Yes/no question:Did Mohan eat rice?
What question:What did Mohan eat? / What did Mohan do?
Who question: Who ate rice?
Statement: Sunita plays skipping.
Yes/no question:Does Sunita play skipping?
What question:What does Sunita play? / What does Sunita do?
- If 'Have' verb is used as main verb or there is 'to' immediately after have verb, we should take the help of do verb.
have (to)= do
had (to)= did
has (to)= does
Statement:He had to do that work.
Yes/no question:Did he have to do that work?
What question:What did he have to do?
Statement:Sunita has her breakfast.
Yes/no question:Does Sunita have her breakfast?
What question:What does Sunita have?
- We should change these words in interrogative.
statement question
Some any
Always/ sometimes ever
Already yet
Too either
Statement: He bought some apples.
Yes/no question: Did he buy any apples?
Statement: She has already finished her work.
Yes/no question: Has she finished her work yet?
Statement: She always cooks rice.
Yes/no question: Does she ever cook rice?
Video for testing the competency of students (Transformation)
नोट: अब यहीँ Chapter सँग सम्बन्धित Multiple question answer को मोडेलमा Video पनि राखिएको छ । हेर्नको लागि Play Video गर्नुहोला । थप ज्ञान हासिल गर्नुहोला ।
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