Meanings into Words(3,4,5 unit)

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Meanings into Words(3,4,5 unit)

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Meanings into Words (Class 12, Note)

Upper-Intermediate

Class: XII (Science / Management / Education/ Arts)

 

Unit: 3

Unit:4

Unit :5 

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Unit: 3

Join the following sentences together using a non-defining relative clause.

 

1.   Phil was an excellent driver.

 Phil’s forehead was covered in sweat.

Phil, whose forehead was covered in sweat, was an excellent driver.

 

2.    Julia hadn’t wanted to come in the first place.

 The Admiral had entrusted the papers to Julia.

Julia, to whom the Admiral had entrusted the papers, hadn’t wanted to come in the first place.

 

3.    Alex had closed his eyes.

 It had been Alex’s idea to come.

 The success of the whole mission depended on Alex.

Alex, on whom the success of the whole mission depended, which had been his idea to come, had closed his eyes.

 

4.    Alex had just taken the gun out of his pocket.

 Alex never went anywhere without his gun.

Alex, who never went anywhere without his gun, had closed his eyes.

 

5.    The dog was sitting facing the back window.

 The dog loved travelling in fast car.

The dog, which loved travelling in fast car, was sitting facing the back window.

 

6.    The truck was gaining on them all the time.

 They were trying so desperately to escape from the truck.

 A light machinegun was clearly visible on the truck.

The truck, on which a light machine gun was clearly visible, from where they were trying so desperately to escape, was gaining on them all the time.

 

3.6 Background Information

Add an appropriate relative clause to these sentences.

1.  I couldn’t wait to get back to Venice,…….

 I couldn’t wait to get back to Venice, where Neelam had been waiting for me.

 

2.  At last they managed to repair the telephone……

        At last they managed to repair the telephone, which had been disconnected.

 

3.  The teacher,…………. , turned round suddenly.

 The teacher, who was writing on the blackboard, turned round suddenly.

 

4.  I eventually found the letter, ………., in my jacket pocket.

 I eventually found the letter, which my friend had written to me, in my jacket pocket.

 

5. When I came back, I found that my car, …………, had disappeared.

 When I came back, I found that my car, which I had parked outside, had disappeared.

 

6.  We were all very grateful to Richard, ……….

 We were all very grateful to Richard, who had helped us.

 

Unit: 4
4.2 Verbs and Adjectives

Q. Write the adjectival form of the verbs below.

Rule: 1. Remember that only three verbs could be changed into adjective by adding “ive”

2. All the other verbs should be made into adjectives by adding “ing”.

3. Beware! You should not put the letter “e” at the end of the word while adding “ing”.

4. Sometimes we should write double the last letter while adding “ing” as in “upsetting”.

 5. “Offend”, the word becomes “offensive”
IVE
Verbs                     Adjectives

Impress                  impressive
*offend                   offensive
attract                      attractive

ING
Verbs                      Adjectives                  
excite                        exciting
interest                     interesting
irritate                        irritating
confuse                     confusing
shock                         shocking
*upset                        upsetting
surprise                      surprising
astonish                     astonishing
amuse                        amusing

 

4.4. If there is one thing
Rules:

1.  Sentences begins with People = [If there is one thing + that (attitude)s me + its + people who…]

 

2.  Sentences begin with you = [If there is one thing + I (attitude) + its people who…….]

Annoy me, upset me, make me angry,

I hate, I detest, I loathe

Q. Rewrite the following sentences using ‘If there is one thing……’

 

1. People who smoke in restaurants annoy me.

If there is one thing that annoys me it’s people who smoke in restaurants.

 

2. People who are cruel to animals upset me.

If there is one thing that upsets me it’s people who are cruel to animals.

 

3. People who break promises make me angry.

If there is one thing that makes me angry it’s people who break promises.

 

4. I hate people who smoke in restaurants.

If there is one thing I hate it’s people who smoke in restaurants.

 

5. I detest people who interrupt when I am speaking.

If there is one thing I detest it’s people who interrupt when I am speaking.

 

6. I loathe people who ring me up early in the morning.

If there is one thing I loathe it’s people who ring me up early in the morning.

 

4.7 Judging character

How would you describe a person who……

1. gives away lots of money     = generous

2. never buys you a drink        = mean/stingy

3. easily loses his temper     = bad-tempered/hot-tempered

4. never loses his temper      = calm

5. helps other people           =helpful

6. only thinks about himself             = selfish

7. jokes about everything              = cheerful/funny

8. doesn’t joke about anything          = serious

9. expects good things to happen        = optimistic

10. expects bad things to happen         = pessimistic

11. believes whatever you tell him       = gullible

12. doubts what you tell him                      = skeptical

13. worries about what people think        = sensitive

14. doesn’t care what people think         = insensitive

15. likes going to parties             = sociable/outgoing

16. doesn’t like going to parties         = shy/ reserved

17. lets people down                      = unreliable

18. doesn’t let people down             = reliable

19. has a high opinion himself            = vain

 

20. doesn’t boast                      = modest      

 

              

Unit: 5
5.1 How long….
Rules:

1. Activities: if the action is not complete and the actor could not show his achievement, that is activity.

            Question: How long did + sub + v1 +obj + for?

            Prepositions:    Period of time = for
                                    Point of time = until

 

2. Achievement: If the action is complete and the actor could show his/her achievement what he/she had done, that is achievement.

 

            Question: How long did it take + sub (objective form) + to + v1 + obj?  

 

   
[he = him, she = her, they = them, I = you]
            Prepositions:  Period of time = in
                                    Point of time = by

 

Practice:
a)      Ask the question with “How long……?”

b)      Answer it, using the words in brackets.

1.They talked on the telephone. (20 minutes)

               How long did they talk on the telephone for?

               They talked on the telephone for 20 minutes.

 

2. She painted the bathroom ceiling. (6 o’ clock)

               How did it take her to paint the bathroom ceiling?

 

               She painted the bathroom ceiling by 6 o’ clock.

3. We played golf on Sunday. (dusk)

               How long did you play golf on Sunday for?

 

               We played golf on Sunday until dusk.

 

4. He mowed the lawn.(ten minutes)

               How long did it take him to mow the lawn?

               He mowed the lawn in ten mi mutes.

 

5. I wrote all my letters. (lunchtime)

               How long did it take you to write all your letters?

               I wrote all my letters by lunchtime.

 

6. We had to change the wheel. (five minutes)

               How long did it take you to change the wheel?

               We had to change the wheel in five minutes.

 

7. He watched television. (late movie came on)

               How long did he watch television for?

               He watched television until late movie came on.

 

8. I read the whole War and Peace. (two weeks)

               How long did it take you to read the whole War and piece?

               I read the whole War and Peace in two weeks.

 

9. She did some piano practice. (bedtime)

               How long did she do some piano practice for?

               She did some piano practice until bedtime.

 

10.  She waited at the bus top. (ages)

               How long did she wait at the bus stop for?

               She waited at the bus stop for ages.

 

5.3 Longer Than You Expected
 Rules:

1.      Result in negative past + for/until + (Time)

2.      It was + (time) + before + result in positive past.

or

Sub + didn’t + v1 + object + for/until + (Time)

It was + (time) + before + Sub + v2 + obj.

 

Complete the sentences.
1. I wrote to my mother by airmail, but in fact….. ( two weeks)

      She didn’t get the letter for two weeks.

     It was two weeks before the letter reached her.

 

2. I intended to have an early night but as it happened …. (midnight)

  I didn’t get to sleep till midnight.

       It was midnight before I got to sleep.

 

3. I said he could borrow the record for a few days, but  …(six week)

        He didn’t give it back for six weeks.

        It was six weeks before he gave it back to me.

 

4. It was supposed to be a short meeting, but…. (three hours)

         It didn’t finish for three hours.

         It was three hours before it finished.

 

5. She set us some homework for Monday, but as I was away for the weekend…. (Tuesday)

          I didn’t finish it till Tuesday.

          It was Tuesday before I finished it.

 

6. He was invited to dinner but typically….. (after 9 o’clock)

          He didn’t arrive till after 9 o’ clock.

          It was 9 o’ clock before he arrived.

 

7. The job was supposed to take three weeks, but unfortunately, …….(nearly two months)

       They didn’t finish it for nearly two months.

 

      It was nearly two months before they finished it.

 

 

 

I am very happy and so grateful to take the name of Dr. Ramesh Adhikari. It is possible to make such note of grammar in very short period of time because of his contribution for his own blog. I took support from the book of Meanings of Words and his blog to help the students of grade XII who are at the door of the examination.